Do you know about - How primary Chinese health Beliefs and Chinese Culture affect health and Illness?
Primary Care Doctors! Again, for I know. Ready to share new things that are useful. You and your friends.Traditional Chinese health beliefs adopt a holistic view emphasizing the significance of environmental factors in increasing risk of disease. Agreeing to Quah (1985), these factors work on the equilibrium of body's harmony, yin and yang. These are two opposite but complementary troops and, together with qi (vital energy), they operate the universe and by comparison the association between citizen and their surroundings. Imbalance in these two forces, or in the qi, results in illness.
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We had a good read. For the benefit of yourself. Be sure to read to the end. I want you to get good knowledge from Primary Care Doctors.In order to restore the balance, primary restorative practices may be needed. For example, excess `hot' power can be counterbalanced by cooling herbal teas, and vice versa. These beliefs are deeply ingrained among the Chinese, and have been found to be unchanged following migration to Singapore.
Lee, et. Al. (2004), found that patients with exact continuing diseases, namely arthritis, musculoskeletal diseases and stroke, were more likely to use primary Chinese rehabilitation (Tcm). This was strongly considered by the 'chronic disease triad', perceived pleasure with care and cultural health beliefs.
Hence the use of Tcm is not connected with the capability of doctor-patient interaction. Astin (1998) also agreed that it was seen as being more compatible with the patients' values, spiritual and religious philosophy, or beliefs with regard to the nature and meaning of health and illness.
In primary Chinese culture, taking medication is idea to be aversive, hence medications tend to be taken only until symptoms are relieved and then discontinued; if symptoms are not obvious, medications will probably never be taken.
Apart from parental cultural beliefs, minor side effects of sure antibiotics such as stomach upset may lead to the poor adherence of medication. The use of "leftover", "shared" antibiotics and over-the-counter buy of antibiotics by parents are tasteless situations in the community.
They think that their children suffer from the same illnesses judging by the similar symptoms, so they would give the "leftover" or "shared" antibiotics to their children and only bring them to their doctors if there is no correction (Chang & Tang, 2006). This may cause their conditions to deteriorate and may necessitate aggressive treatments later which may have unnecessary side effects.
However, there are small groups of Chinese who also blamed ill-health or misfortunes on supernatural forces, or on divine retribution, or on the malevolence of a 'witch' or 'sorcerer' (Helman, 1994). Such groups will normally seek cures from their religions.
In Singapore, the Ministry of health has drawn up the Tcm Practitioners' Ethical Code and Ethical Guidelines to preclude any unscrupulous practitioners from preying on their patients and taking advantage of their beliefs, for example, molesting ignorant patients.
The degree of acculturation has been evidenced in the following case. An old man was brought into our hospital with a week-long history of malaise, nausea and vomiting, and sudden jaundice. He was diagnosed to have an obstructive mass in the liver.
A biopsy revealed hepatocellular carcinoma. The serological test recommend continuing active hepatitis B. When the news broke to his son that his father had cancer, he requested not to disclose that to his father.
When we discussed end of life issues such as hospice care and "do-not-resuscitate" (Dnr) orders, the son tried to divert the argument to other issues such as when his father could go home.
Cultural Issues that may be complicated in this case are:
The Chinese tend to protect the elderly from bad news.
Believing in karma - the older folk believe that discussing illnesses or death/dying is bad luck. They think that talking about something bad will cause it to come true.
There is an increased incidence of liver cancer resulting from Hepatitis B due to delayed rehabilitation in the elderly, as it may take a long time for them to accept the preliminary diagnosis.
Reference:
Astin Ja. (1998). Why patients use alternative medicine. J Am Med Assoc 1998; 279: 1548-1553.
Chan, G. C. & Tang, S. F. (2006) Parental knowledge, attitudes and antibiotic use for acute upper respiratory tract infection in children attending a primary healthcare clinic in Malaysia. Singapore medical Journal, 47(4):266
Helman, C. G. (1990) Culture, health and Illness. Wright, London.
Quah, S. R. (1985) The health belief Model and preventive health behaviour in Singapore. Social Science and Medicine, 21, 351-363.
Lee Gbw, Charn Tc, Chew Zh and Ng Tp. (2004). Complementary and alternative rehabilitation use in patients with continuing diseases in primary care is connected with perceived capability of care and cultural beliefs. Family Practice, 21(6): 654-660.
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